Aortic Stenosis

Aortic stenosis is valvular disease of heart in which there is narrowing of aortic valve area. Normally aortic valve area is 2.5 cm² whereas in aortic stenosis it is decreased and is usually found less than 0.8 cm² or there is present gradient of more than 50 mmHg in critical stenosis.

Causes-

1.      Rheumatic disease.
2.      Fibrocalcific deformity of a bicuspid valve.
3.      Fibrocalcific deformity of three cusped valve.
4.      Fabry’s disease.
5.      Infective endocarditis.
6.      Congenital deformities of valves of heart.
7.      Fibromembraneous lesion of aorta.

Symptoms-

1.      Syncope, angina, headache, vertigo.
2.      Difficulty in breathing on exertion.
3.      Orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea.
4.      Low systolic blood pressure.
5.      Pulsus tardus.
6.      Cardiomegaly in later stages of disease along with left ventricular dilatation and failure.
7.      Ejection systolic murmur.

Investigations-

1.      Chest x-ray.
2.      ECG test.
3.      Echocardiography.
4.      Cardiac catheterisation.


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