Aplastic Anaemia

Aplastic anaemia is a disease in which there occurs pancytopenia due to the presence of acellular or markedly hypocellular bone marrow but there is no leukaemic or abnormal cells in marrow or blood.

Types-

It is classified into two types-

1. Congenital aplastic anaemia.

2. Acquired aplastic anaemia.

Causes-

There are so many causes of aplastic anemia, which are as follow-

1. Side effects of some medicines.

2. Harmful effects of chemicals.

3. Viral infections.

4. Pancreatitis.

5. Radiation.

Symptoms-

1. Anemia.

2. Dyspnoea on exertion.

3. Pallor.

4. Granulocytopenia.

5. Sore throat, oral and pharyngeal ulcers, fever.

6. Chronic skin infections.

7. Recurrent respiratory infections.

8. Thrombocytopenia.

Investigations-

1. Hb test.

2. Corrected reticulocyte count test.

3. TLC and DLC tests.

4. Peripheral blood smear test.

5. Bone marrow test.

6. Serum transferrin test.

7. Serum iron test.

8. Platelet count test.

Treatment-

1. Remove the cause.

2. Prevention and treatment of infections and bleeding.

3. Red cell transfusion for severe anaemia only where indicated under doctor’s supervision.

4. Bone marrow transplantation in patients under the age of fifty years.

5. Medicinal treatment.

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Thalassaemia

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