Health Blog

Tropical sprue is a malabsorption syndrome occurring in patients of tropics in the absence of other intestinal disease or parasites.

Coeliac disease is a chronic intestinal disease which is caused by intolerance to gluten found in food. It is more common in children although it is also found in adults.

Non ulcer dyspepsia also known as functional dyspepsia is that type of dyspepsia whose cause is not identified on various laboratory investigations and on clinical examination. It occurs in females of young age group whose age is less than forty years.

Dyspepsia is a syndrome which includes following set of gastrointestinal symptoms for example-

Constipation is a body phenomenon or a condition of body in which there occurs bowel movements less frequently than three times a week and stool is hard and difficult to pass.

Aortic dissection is caused by tear of intima of aorta which can propagate distally or proximally. Aortic dissection affects males more usually in the old age group.

Coarctation of aorta is the narrowing of the orifice of aorta anywhere from distal part of arch of aorta to bifurcation of abdominal aorta. This disease is more common in males.

Pericardial effusion usually occurs in association with pericarditis. Fluid of pericardial effusion can be transudate, exudate, pyopericardium or haemopericardium.

Hypertension is increase in blood pressure above normal blood pressure. Normal systolic blood pressure is 120mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is 80mmHg. Therefore, normal blood pressure is 120/80mmHg. In hypertension it is more than 120/80mmHg.

Acute myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease in which there occurs myocardial necrosis due to presence of critical imbalance between coronary blood supply and myocardial demand.

Angina pectoris is a cardiovascular disease in which there occurs pain in retrosternal region on exertion which radiates to left arm or sometimes to right arm but usually it extends to left arm.

Acute pericarditis is a cardiovascular disease of heart in which there occurs an acute inflammation of pericardium.

Dilated cardiomyopathy is a cardiovascular disease in which there is enlargement of the ventricle and impairment of the ventricular contraction, usually affecting both ventricles.

Acute myocarditis is a cardiovascular disease in which there occurs inflammation of myocardium of heart.

Aortic regurgitation is a cardiovascular disease which can be acute as well as chronic. Aortic regurgitation has different causes. It remains asymptomatic for years but in the decompensated phase of disease, patient’s health status starts deteriorating towards ill health continuously.

Aortic stenosis is valvular disease of heart in which there is narrowing of aortic valve area. Normally aortic valve area is 2.5 cm 2 whereas in aortic stenosis it is decreased and is usually found less than 0.8 cm 2 or there is present gradient of more than 50 mmHg in critical stenosis.

Mitral valve prolapse is a valvular disease of heart in which the leaflets of the mitral valve bulge or project into left atrium during ventricular systole. It may occur with or without mitral regurgitation. It usually affects people especially females between the age group of fifteen to thirty years of age.

Acute circulatory failure or shock is a state of body in which there is inadequate cardiac output with compensatory vasoconstriction and tissue hypoperfusion. This tissue hypoperfusion causes cellular injury which can be reversed only if not prolonged for long time and prompt treatment is given at time. But it becomes irreversible if not treated at time.

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia occurs periodically that is on recurrent basis. It is a cardiovascular disorder in which there is arrhythmia occurs at a rate of 140 to 220 beats per minute with one to one ratio conduction. Causes -

Haemolytic anemias are disorders in which there is increased rate of red cell destruction and the life span of red cells is also shortened than the normal life span of red cells. Causes -

Aplastic anaemia is a disease in which there occurs pancytopenia due to the presence of acellular or markedly hypocellular bone marrow but there is no leukaemic or abnormal cells in marrow or blood. Types -

Haemoptysis is expectoration of blood or bloody sputum. Haemoptysis can be caused due to various reasons. It is not a disease itself but it is symptom of various different diseases. There are so many causes of haemoptysis some of which are as follow- 1. Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the main causes of haemoptysis.

Pneumothorax is a type of respiratory disease in which there is found air in the pleural cavity. Primary spontaneous pneumothoarx affects people especially between the age group of twenty to forty years. Causes -

Malignant pleural effusion is usually caused due to either a primary malignancy of pleura or secondary invasion of pleura by the primary focus of malignancy in any other organ of body. Usually malignant pleural effusion is caused by cancer of lung, cancer of breast or sometimes it can be due to lymphomas. Symptoms -